Hearing Disorders in Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Literature Review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Toxoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which is transmitted through the ingestionofcontaminated food. Less frequently, toxoplasmosis is acquired by blood transfusion or an organ transplant. Congenital toxoplasmosis, which is caused by vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus, has an estimated prevalence of 20% of infected mothers transmitting the parasite to the fetus.1 It is worth mentioning that this prevalence varies according to the period of pregnancy during which the mother acquired the infection, thegeographical location,and if the mother underwent prenatal monitoring.2 Vertical transmission can be detected early in pregnancy, and must be treated with oral spiramycin to prevent transmission to the fetus through the placenta. But if the infection occurs in the fetus, the treatment must include pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and folinic acid.3 The classic symptoms of congenital toxoplasmosis are intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus. The diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis is made by serologic testing. Several studies suggest a correlation between hearing disorders and congenital toxoplasmosis, which would be triggered by the neurological involvement. However, there are no specifications of the type and level of hearing loss, or other possible disorders involved in the auditory processing.4,5 The articles report congenital toxoplasmosis as being a risk factor for hearing loss,6,7 and they also point out the doubts about the exact explanation of the origin of the hearing loss in congenital toxoplasmosis,8 as well as the uncertainty of the
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